Oral Presentation Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference 2025

Climatic suitability for the establishment of Ceratocystis species in Pacific countries (119876)

HASNA LUNA 1 , Virginia Marroni 1 2 , rebecca campbell 3 , Robert Beresford 1
  1. plant and food research, Sandringham, AUCKLAND, New Zealand
  2. Bioprotection, plant and food research, Lincoln, Canterbury region, New Zealand
  3. Bioprotection, plant and food research, Motueka, Tasman District, New Zealand

The genus Ceratocystis includes highly aggressive pathogens affecting economically significant plants worldwide. These fungi cause Ceratocystis wilt and canker diseases, both of which can lead to plant death, severe agricultural losses and damage to the natural ecosystem. Over the past two decades, the incidence and risk of diseases linked to Ceratocystis infections has risen sharply.  These pathogens exhibit the ability to adapt to new regions and, in some cases, infect previously unrelated host species. In Hawaiʻi, a devastating disease, Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD), caused by two recently identified Ceratocystis species, C. lukuohia and C. huliohia, has led to the widespread death of a keystone tree species, ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha). This poses a growing concern for South Pacific countries, where native Myrtaceae species, such as Metrosideros collina, are closely related to Hawaii's M. polymorpha. Other Metrosideros species in Hawaii, including M. rugosa, M. tremuloides, M. waialealae, and M. macrocarpus, are also vulnerable. Additionally, important crops in the Pacific region, like taro (Colocasia esculenta) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), could serve as potential hosts for the pathogen. Despite the importance of understanding the threat, data from South Pacific nations are often limited. To address this knowledge gap, species distribution models (SDMs) were used to assess the climatic suitability of Ceratocystis species for establishment in Pacific countries. The SDM were developed using global presence data for C. lukuohia and C. huliohia from Hawaiʻi, along with other Ceratocystis species from the same clade, in combination with current climate data from the Pacific region. The model predicts areas at risk of pathogen establishment by evaluating environmental variables based on climatic suitability between countries. The results of the model will provide guidance for monitoring high-risk areas to help detect incursions early and enable management actions to prevent the spread of this destructive pathogen.